Medicine supply and administration

Overview

All medicines are classified according to three legal categories which are:

• prescription only medicines (POM): Must be sold or supplied according to a prescription prescribed by an appropriately qualified health practitioner, this can be a doctor, dentist, or other independent or supplementary prescriber. They can generally only be supplied at a registered pharmacy premises by or under the supervision of a pharmacist
• pharmacy (P) medicines: Can generally only be sold or supplied at a registered pharmacy premises by or under the supervision of a pharmacist
• general sale list (GSL) medicines: Can be sold from a wider range of premises such as supermarkets as long as those premises can be closed to exclude the public (i.e. they are lockable) and the medicines are pre-packed.

The legislation on medicines regulation is clearly defined under the Human Medicines Regulations 2012. Prescription only medicines (POMs) cannot be administered or supplied unless one of three types of instruction is in place: 

• a signed prescription 
• a signed Patient Specific Direction (PSD) 
• a Patient Group Direction (PGD).

There are some specific exemptions in medicines legislation which may apply in limited circumstances, for example 

• The administration of certain parenteral medicines such as adrenaline that can be administered in an emergency without the directions of a prescriber. 
• In occupational health settings, the legislation allows for the supply and/or administration of medicines specified in a written instruction signed by a medical practitioner. See the section on medicines optimisation on our occupational health nursing skills and role development page.

From 1 October 2017, schools in England are able to purchase adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) devices without a prescription, for emergency use on children who are at risk of anaphylaxis but whose own device is not available or not working. There is guidance available to support this and help schools develop a policy for using AAIs, see: Using emergency adrenaline auto-injectors in schools.